Playing it Safe Making Your Own Perfume

Making perfume at home isnt difficult as long as you use the correct ingredients and observe safety rules. This follow-up to an earlier perfume-making tutorial includes details about the purpose of the ingredients used in making perfume, as well as some additional precautions regarding potential hazards. Using Ethanol Alcohol-based perfumes employ ethanol. High-proof, food-grade ethanol is the easiest alcohol to obtain. Vodka or Everclear (a pure 190-proof alcoholic beverage) are often used in perfume making because theyre clear and dont have a particularly boozy odor. You should not use denatured alcohol or rubbing alcohol (isopropyl alcohol) when making perfume and never use methanol as its readily absorbed across the skin and is toxic. The Base Oil Jojoba oil or sweet almond oil are a good carrier or base oils because theyre kind to the skin, however, there are other oils that can be substituted for them. Just keep in mind that some oils have a relatively short shelf life, meaning they can go rancid fairly quickly—which probably wont improve the fragrance of your perfume. Another issue if youre going to try a different carrier oil is that some oils are less likely to stay mixed than others. Animal oils, such as civet (an oil secreted by perineal glands of several viverrid species) and ambergris (a byproduct of the digestive process of sperm whales), have a long history of use in perfumes, and are still commercially available should you wish to try them, although they can be pricey. The most important thing to remember when choosing a carrier oil never to use a toxic one as your carrier oil. Many essential oils that are used for fragrances are actually toxic in high doses. Essential Oils Commercial perfumes tend to use synthetic organics, which can cause sensitivity reactions. Natural perfumes arent necessarily any better. Essential oils are very potent, and as mentioned, some are toxic. The fragrances from many white flowers (e.g., jasmine) are toxic even in relatively low doses. Thyme and cinnamon oils, while therapeutic in low doses, are toxic in high doses. You dont have to avoid these oils. Just bear in mind that with perfume, sometimes less is more. You should feel free to experiment distilling the essences of herbs and flowers but know your botany. Distilling poison ivy would not be a good plan. Distilling oil from hallucinogenic herbs might not be appreciated either. Hygiene Be sure to filter your perfume and use only clean containers to store them in. You dont want to introduce bacteria, fungi, or mold into your perfume, nor do you want to encourage their growth. Many essential oils inhibit microbial growth, so this is less of an issue with perfume, however, it can become more of a concern if you dilute the perfume to make cologne.

Child Labor in Agriculture Essay - 943 Words

There are hundreds of thousands of child farm workers laboring under challenging and bad conditions in the United States of America. This is according to a human rights watch report dubbed, Fingers to the bone: United States Failure to Protect Child Farm Workers. This rights group made discoveries that the child laborers are often made to toil between twelve and fourteen hours a single day and stand a risk of pesticide poisoning, heat exposure effects, injuries and health complications that could last a life time. However, the majority of this population that makes up the child laborers is from Latino. This paper seeks to demystify the issue of Child Labor in agriculture in the United States using information from a Human Rights Watch.†¦show more content†¦Basing on a number of interviews with child farm workers and the farm worker activists, we can confidently deduce that: child laborers are regularly subjected to contact with dangerous pesticides, agonizing rashes, heada ches, giddiness, queasiness and vomiting. Lasting repercussions of pesticide contact include amongst others, cancer, brain damage, education and memory complications (National Research Council Committee on Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children, 1993). The majority of child farm workers are forced to work without required toilet amenities, hand washing equipments or sufficient clean drinking water, the triple principal sanitation requirements. It is the insufficient hand washing equipments that also contributes to pesticide poisoning and bacterial contagion, while the deficiency of plenty drinking water can result to dehydration and heat complications. Child laborers most often toil in lands that are subjected to temperatures slightly above 100 degrees Fahrenheit. They also suffer a very high rate of wounds resulting from knife cuts and weighty apparatus. They stand for eighty percent of all proportion of working minors but unfortunately suffer forty percent of work related complications amongst children. The education of these children involved in child labor in agriculture is normally affected in a bigShow MoreRelatedChild Labor Essay809 Words   |  4 PagesChild labor has been an extremely serious issue since the early industrial revolution and it continues to be an issue today. The movement towards the industrial revolution increased demand for labor, especially cheap labor, which targeted young children as a means for performing work in the factories. Since it was an economically growing era for the United States, children in the 18th century worked long hours for low minimum wage under harsh conditions to help their families. Children were easilyRead MoreEffects Of Child Labor During The Industrial Revolution Versus Modern Europe1713 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Child Labor in the Industrial Revolution versus Modern Europe By: Lariah Thiel â€Æ' Child labor has been a very big problem since the Industrial Revolution. As the world began to industrialize, the demand for labor increased greatly. During the Industrial Revolution child labor became a very important aspect of everyday life because the demand for laborers had grown so much. Families were not only dependent on adults for money, but they were also dependent of their children. Some childrenRead MoreFree the Children from Child Labour1517 Words   |  7 PagesFree The Children from Child Labour: The Disadvantageous of Child Labour Two hundred million children are suffering in the world! â€Å"the world has an estimated 186 million child labourers – 5,7 million in forced and bonded labor, 1.8 million in prostitution, and 0.3 million in armed conflict† .( Basu amp; Tzannatos, 2003, p.147). In Africa, Asia and the Middle East, a huge number of children are child labourers, and most of them under 14 years old. However, they are working hard as sameRead MoreChild Labor Should Be Banned Worldwide1011 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 2016 Child Labor Tired muscles, achy feet, and extreme drowsiness are some of the symptoms children feel after working a long day at the factory or mine. Children all around the world are forced to work in factories, mines, or in agriculture every day. They lose their childhood, education, and possibly their families due to child labor. There is a long history of child labor, with many health risks. Along with health risks there is an education deprivation from the children. Child labor needsRead MoreEssay on The Worse Mistake in Human History1398 Words   |  6 Pagescivilization, allowed for more leisure time in which people could then focus on arts and allowed for a higher yielding, more consistent and reliable food source. Despite some of the innovations that sprang from agriculture, upon a closer look, we can see that with the advent of agriculture came class division, gender inequality, less leisure time, overpopulation, diseases, deficient diets and starvation. The transition from hunting a nd gathering to agricultural food production may have been the worstRead MoreEssay on Child Labor in Venezuela1505 Words   |  7 Pages(Baguley and Winter 15). The county is also divided into ten administrative regions, which were established by presidential decrees (Baguley and Winter 20). Children can be found working in agriculture, small to medium size businesses, scavenging in garbage dumps and gold (Baguley and Winter 15). Child Labor started in Venezuela because the government had failed to solve the education, working conditions and government corruption problems in the count (Coronel 2). One of the problems, the governmentRead MoreGlobalization And The Economics Of Child Labor Essay1009 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Globalization and the Economics of Child Labor†, by Eric V. Edmonds, a professor of economics researching to improve child labor policy, says, â€Å"In November of 2000, ten children earning around $11 per month burned to death in a garment factory in Bangladesh. The exits from the factory were chained shut† (Edmonds, 3). If the doors had been unlocked instead of chained shut, the children would have been save from this horrible fatality. More importantly, without child labor, this situation could have beenRead MoreEssay on Child Labor in Venezuela1008 Words   |  5 Pagescorrespondent in the city of Caracas, and the Federal Dependencies. The country is also divided into ten administrative regions, which were established by presidential decrees. Children can be found working in agriculture, small to medium size businesses, scavenging in garb age dumps and gold mining. Child Labor started in Venezuela because the government had failed to solve the education, working conditions and government corruption problems in the county. One of the problems, the government failedRead MoreChildren And Their Effects On Children1406 Words   |  6 Pagesto help their families. Sometimes families will sell their children to do labor because they are in debt. Some might say that working as a child could be beneficial. It teaches them good work ethic and responsibility. It also teaches them how working hard and earning money is a way of living. But in reality, it robs children of their childhood and it delays their social skills and their basic learning skills as well. A child should not have to worry about working or being physically and mentally abusedRead MoreGeography: Facts About Ghana Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pages$40.71 billion and their monetary unit is Cedi which in relation to one U.S. dollar, it is equivalent to .37910 Cedi (Bbc news, 2013). Education for children is very important for Ghana to increase their GDP. Although there is a rate of 34% for child labor, school attendance is increasing. The system is set up for eleven years: two years of Kindergarten, six years of primary school and three years of Junior High School. There are certain programs that are helping Ghana achieve their Millennium Development

Pins and Needles free essay sample

My left knee has a decade old scar I got from crawling around in the kitchen when I was barely capable of standing. The scar on my right wrist came from stuffing my hand into a peanut can and pulling it out too quickly and too close to the edge. My legs are dressed in an assortment of cuts, scrapes, and scratches that came from years of poking my nose to find out what was in that tree, over that hill, or atop that rock outcrop. Curiosity will forever and always get the best of me. In the lifelong search to know the how and why of everything, a deep desire to create using this knowledge overcame me. It was an afternoon more than ten years ago that I asked my mother to teach me how to sew, and being the persistent child I was, she put down whatever she was doing to show me the basics. We will write a custom essay sample on Pins and Needles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I had found my niche. Soon the house was full of oddly shaped new friends and their pillows, often stuffed with socks because it was all I had at hand. But that wasn’t enough to satisfy me. I begged my mother to let me use the sewing machine but in her better judgment, she doused my ambition for I was too young and too excited to work a machine whose sole purpose is to rotate a fine needle. Over the course of years, I worked with my hands, cutting Father’s old shirts and frustrating myself when I couldn’t get my projects to come out quite as I had envisioned. The discipline engrained from eight years of Catholic school couple with the same eight taking Taikashink, a Japanese style of martial arts, kept with me. The first time I walked into a fabric store my mother quickly lost me among the satin, fleece, cotton, and crushed velvet. When I was finally old enough to get my hands on Mother’s sewing machine, I knew I had found a friend with a very unique per sonality. Some days it would behave and others it would rip to shred the fabric I spent an hour or more carefully cutting. Despite the anger I had with this machine, I learned what made it work and tamed the beast within my Singer Athena. My free time is still consumed with finding new projects and examining clothing to see just how it was put together, and also how I could do it better. With every new project, I learn a different way to do the same thing, bringing me one step closer to perfecting my art. My passion for sewing has gone beyond my home and has come to the point where just a walk down the street has me examining peoples clothing and trying to mentally reconstruct how it could have been made. I enjoy the challenge in taking characters from novels, games, and movies that have signature costumes and designing actual ways to put them together. When I attended the New York Comic Convention, I stopped and questioned anyone who had an interesting costume about where they got the fabric for their accessories and how they perfected the detailing. It is an intention of mine to learn as much as possible from as many people as possible to feed my curiosity and better my abilities in order to find useful applications.

Factors Affecting Brand Advertising Success -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Factors Affecting Brand Advertising Success? Answer: Introducation I have gone through the chapter Global forces and advertising industry and analyzed that the global advertising industry has faced several challenges. The advertising industry has also passed through the phase of digital revolution and there were many rival companies that were in operational in the market (Percy 2016). I have also found that the changing pattern in the global market have affected the advertising market structure as well market dynamics. I have gone through the objectives of the advertising industry and has found that this industry has no such specific targeted audience and they target the mass market and thus encourage them to purchase new product or service. According to me, I think advertising also helps in promotion of specific brands and the consumers will be able to differentiate between the different brands. I can say that brand advertisement is the job of the advertising agencies and it is their responsibility to carry out the advertising process in a better w ay. I have also found that the brands target the businesses as well as the consumers. After reviewing through the entire chapter, I can say that different companies prefers to display their advertisements in different advertisement modes. These advertising agencies also acts on behalf of the client or the brand company and accordingly displays the advertisements(Ansari and Riasi 2016). I have found that different companies employ the advertising agencies to use their skills, knowledge and creativity for the creation of advertisements. The clients pay different amount to the advertising agencies and thus the advertisements are also created depending on the payment and the choice of the customers (Hackley and Hackley 2017). I can say that the money that is spent on advertising by the different companies has increased gradually with the passage of time and this is estimated to increase in the next few years. The advertising agencies are also shifting their attention to different geographic sectors in the economy and it has also become easier for them to focus on the requ ired brand and thus help in boosting the sales of the company (Percy 2016). I have found that the top advertisers are the car manufacturers of different companies. They constitute more than 50% of the global advertising economy and this is expected to increase with the passage of time (Percy 2016). I have found that the different advertising agencies has their individual specialist or experts and thus this individual is assigned with creation of different advertisement. These advertising agencies also has certain drawbacks i.e. the cost of advertisement through this agencies is very high and they are not feasible for small business enterprises who possess limited resources. Moreover, there are many advertising agencies that has not worked with any business entity earlier and it becomes difficult to understand the nature of business and this also leads to ineffective campaign (Ansari and Riasi 2016). After a thorough analysis, I have found that co-ordination is an important function of the advertising agencies. The advertising agencies must also ensure that there is proper co-ordination among the sales force, clients and the distribution network to ensure long run success of different advertisement programs (Percy 2016). I have also found that the main goal of the advertising agencies is to assist the distributors, sales person and the retailers that will help in maximizing their clients. Moreover, there were some special agencies who are assigned with the special task of publicity, preparation, market research and product literature. According to me, I think there must be a special department in these advertising agencies who must be assigned with the task of work schedule as well as proper routing sequence for different advertisements. After the preparation of the advertisement, it must be forwarded to the media who will carry it forward for further processing. This is possible after illustration, copy and mechanical production after the approval of advertisement from the client. There is also a public relations department in every advertisement company and the main aim of the company to maintain goodwill with the mass people. This tool also helps in better communication with the public and thus it will help in corporate advertisements as well as publicity (Hackley and Hackley 2017).I think the main responsibility of public relations department is to build trust and relation with the employees, customers, shareholders and the middleman. I have also found that the budgets of the online advertising agencies are increasing at a much faster pace than the traditional media of advertising. With the rapid pace of globalization, I think the companies are interested to shift of interactive digital media agencies and thus this will also be beneficial for the company as well as the advertising agencies. I have also found that there are certain competitive factors that affects the advertising agencies and this is important to gain competitive advantage. I have also noticed that this disruptive change has occurred in the advertising agencies after 21st century. Moreover, advertising on the mobile devices such as tablets and smartphone has not been so popular till the last century(Hackley and Hackley 2017). Therefore, I can say that the role of advertising agencies has been diversified and there was also diversification of the marketing options. Therefore, I can conclude that the reality of the advertising agencies and the industry as a whole has changed with the passage of time. It is also the responsibility of the marketers to decide how they will hire the advertising agencies and the roles that will be played by the advertising agencies. The advertising agencies also provide the clients with specialized and skilled services. Thus, the advertising agencies can give creative solutions to the companies and the different products and thus this will help in building better public relations, suggesting sales and different promotional activities, creating propaganda. Moreover, these agencies also provide specialized services to the clients and they have experienced staff who provides easier administration to different multiple services. These advertisement agencies also have different disadvantages and there is risk associated with the clients that damages the image of the company. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the mark eting agencies or the advertising teams to define the role of agencies at the time of establishment of relationships. References Ansari, A. and Riasi, A., 2016. An investigation of factors affecting brand advertising success and effectiveness.International Business Research,9(4), p.20. Hackley, C. and Hackley, R.A., 2017.Advertising and promotion. Sage. Percy, L., 2016.Strategic advertising management. Oxford University Press.

Psychological Disorders and Behaviors

Various psychological disorders and behaviors such splitting, stalking, Multiple personality disorder and serial sexual killing have been identified. People with psychological disorders and behaviors exhibit various characteristics that show they have a problem. The focus of this paper will be on splitting, multiple personality disorders, free will and finally whether human beings are wired for trouble.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Disorders and Behaviors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Splitting refers to a mechanism in which a person is imbued with good and bad characteristics. The good and the bad exist simultaneously in a person albeit separately stored from each other. The two sides coexist simultaneously as they fail to integrate into one hence split (Savvopoulos, Manolopoulos, Beratis, 2011). The splitting occurs in individuals because of borderline. Borderline is the notion of a thin li ne that every individual possesses, and it stands between two sides that is relative normality and abnormality and leads to failure of telling the difference between fantasy and reality. A person who fails to differentiate between reality and fantasy suffers from borderline personality stalker. Such individuals have two extreme sides due to intense personal relationships, and they can cross from one of devaluation to over idealization in a heartbeat. Individuals who mostly stalk celebrities have borderline stalker personalities (Simon, 2008). Persons with splitting not only fail to integrate the bad and the good in other people, especially the ones idealized, but also fail to integrate with their own self-image hence they split it. A person without borderline personality stalker can integrate the good and bad in self and others and create a realistic whole those with cannot. They are emotionally unstable and hence impulsive that means they can shift their moods quickly and the mood change can last for a number of hours or even days. Depression makes the borderline personality stalker worse as it makes the individuals magnify their feelings and go out control. For example, criticism can make an individual vent out anger toward a person and even harm them. Other things that trigger the condition are rejection, lack of self-image and the individuals stalk celebrities in an attempt to gain self worth (Simon, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The personalities are usually difficult in treating because the borderline patients keep crossing from one side to another for instance, they may revere their therapists and in other, they hate them if they think they have been provoked. Moreover, the patients do not even know about the contrasting feelings they experience for the same person hence the difficulty in treatment due to splitting (Simon, 2008). The other psych ological disorder is Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) that occurs in persons who have two or more personalities that are fully developed. In other cases some personalities may be fragments however each personality is unique for instance with different behaviors and memories. Some personalities are aware of the presence of the others but others may not know of the existence of the others. MPD develops from severe child abuse and psychiatrists urge that most of the patients experience the abuse during their sixth and seventh year of their lives. The young abused children develop psychological mechanism of dealing with the traumatic experiences they go through in the hands of their abusive parents. The psychological method of dealing with the pain results into multiple personalities (Simon, 2008). Abuse during childhood causes MPD as explained in the following paragraph A child who experiences severe abuse in the hands of their parent(s) is often unable to assimilate the action of t he loving parent to that of the abuser that inflicts pain. The child is helpless and cannot escape from the abusive parent or caretaker physically and hence a mind warp occurs. The mind warp means that the, â€Å"young child tends to view self and others in all-or-nothing, good-and-bad terms† (Simon, 2008, p.146). A person with MPD has two types of personalities that is destructive and protective personalities. The destructive personalities often harbor anger or guilt that may be directed at the primary personality. The destructive personality may unleash violence when it takes control. The destructive personalities develop because of the pain experienced as a child and they duplicate the abuse experienced during childhood. For instance, a person who was sexually abused as a child may grow up, become a pedophile, and hurt other children. Other patients may create an environment that enables other men to hurt their own children, neighbors or family friends among others. It is important to note that not all victims of abuse become abusers as adults as statistics show that about 70 t0 90% of the victims of abuse do not become abusers. The cycle of abuse perpetuates because children imitate their parents hence they become abusive like their parents.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Disorders and Behaviors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The abused children come to accept the abuse, and blame themselves for their parents’ behavior towards them. Some children developed MPD to deal with the abuse but others do not but may develop destructive lifestyles, physical problems and depression among others (Simon, 2008). Neuroscience confirms that human beings lack total free will. The free will enables an individual to make choices on how to act, and one without a free will cannot control their actions. The notion of lack of total free will is controversial because some peopl e urge that if human beings do not have free will cannot blame people for their destructive actions or praise those who do well. If free-will lacks there can be neither legal culpability nor moral responsibility (Gardar, 2011). The notion of lack of free will would influence many sectors of our live such as the economy and the justice system greatly. For instance, people are punished in the justice system to deter future occurrences of bad behavior and to give justice to those harmed however; the justice system does not punish people who are considered crazy because they are assumed to have acted destructively due to a force beyond them. Therefore, punishing people who have no free will would be similar to punishing crazy people. Some neuroscientists urge that some people make bad choices because they have a faulty brain and neural activity. The neural may develop defects due to traumatic experiences during childhood, injury to the head, genetic defects and substance abuse among oth ers. Such individuals are prone to make bad choices (Simon, 2008). Free will helps one to choose how to act in a situation or behave toward other people. Neuroscientists of the opinion that free will is an allusion urge that a human being is not capable of controlling their impulsive behaviors. They unable to do so because they cannot make a choice between right and wrong and sometimes the impulses are so intense that they cannot control them even if they tried. Some struggle to overcome their destructive impulses but fail and end up acting them out. The topic of free will remains controversial as it is not easy to prove that a person did not have the power to control their actions especially when mental illnesses has not been detected. Moreover, some serial killers plan their murders and them cover-up so well and it is difficult to determine whether they know if their actions are morally wrong (Simon, 2008). Each human being has an innate seed of evil. However, the difference betwe en good men and bad men is good men can control their evil impulses even though not perfectly and the bad men act on them as Simon puts it â€Å"bad men do what good men dream† (Simon, 2008 p. 143). People who can control their evil impulses are emotionally healthy whereas the bad men are psychologically dysfunctional.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The psychologically dysfunctional people cannot separate themselves from other people and depend on them completely such that they cannot draw a line between themselves and others. On the other hand, psychologically functional people accept themselves and do not depend on others for approval. The healthy people accept both their strengths and weaknesses but the unhealthy people will seek to destroy other people to experience self-worth albeit for short period until they commit their next destructive act. Some studies show that human fate lies in our genes. For a long time it was thought that a person’s fate lay with the stars but the genes play a big role in a person’s life and their character. The brain is unique in very human being and reacts differently to the surrounding and relationships formed throughout life. Some people can integrate well in their environment and become good men and women but others fail to do so and become bad men who act on their evil impulse s making them psychopaths. As mentioned before every human being has a dark or evil side in their personality that is shaped by the environment, family, parents and the world. Unfortunately, some people are wired for trouble due to the composition of their genes. Luckily, most people are able to become good people and keep their evil impulses in check and life. That is why there are few serial killers despite the high number of abused children because many such children do not become abusers (Simon, 2008). Finally, our justice system should put concerted efforts in rehabilitation of people with psychological and disorders and behaviors who commit unspeakable acts that a psychologically human being would normally not commit. The four chapters in the book Bad me do what good men only dream, show that the justice system has not been very effective in dealing with the problem by punishing bad men as some who have been released from incarceration went back to their evil ways and did comm itted more killings. The punishment received did not deter them because the problem is often beyond their control hence they need rehabilitation and in some cases to be kept in the rehabilitation centers for good because some cannot control the urge to kill if set free. More resources should be devoted to study psychological disorders and behaviors as it is not a well-known subject and remains controversial. There is potential of reducing the number of people who die in the hands of people who have mental problems if only the right action is taken early. The justice system should take victim’s complaints of stalking seriously and accord them the necessary protection before they lose their lives in the hands of killers who will stop at nothing until they have accomplished their selfish ends. Moreover, the justice system should come up with stiff punishment for parents and caregivers who expose children to abuse as in so doing they create potential monsters who will one day unl eash violence on innocent victims. A healthy childhood it appears would solve a lot of problems that children develop later in life as they would not need to develop spilt personalities to cope with the pain they experience in the hands of their abusers because some of the split personalities developed become destructive and chilling crimes are committed. Prevention is better than cure is clichà © but rehabilitation would be better than awaiting to punish wrong doers that might not even recognize their wrongs. Enable people to contain their inner demons instead of waiting until the come out, and harm innocent people. Reference List Gardar, A. (2011). Neuroscience, free will and moral responsibility. Trames, 15 (2), 147-155. Savvopoulos, S. Manolopoulos, S. Beratis, S. (2011). Repression and splitting in the psychoanalytic. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 92, 75-96. Simon, R. (2008). Bad men do what good men dream. Washington, DC, London: American psychiatric Publishin g, Inc. This essay on Psychological Disorders and Behaviors was written and submitted by user Runaways to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Abolishing the Senate of Canada Essay Sample

Abolishing the Senate of Canada Essay Sample Abolishing the Senate of Canada Essay Example Abolishing the Senate of Canada Essay Example The frustration of the public with the Senate has reached new levels. Corruption and cover-up claims have kindled a healthy debate regarding the function of the Senate in the government institutions of Canada. The concerns of the public are real. The increased need of better accountability and lessons from past mistakes make it clear that status quo cannot be accepted and there is a need for reforms. Standards that were adopted decades ago are not tolerable today. Both the public and the experts are in agreement that the Senate should not continue to operate in its current form. There is a disagreement, however, over whether there should be substantial reform or abolishment of the Senate. Public support for the abolishment of the Senate of Canada has increased in recent years. An Angus poll conducted in 1998 revealed that almost as many people support the reforming of the Senate as want to get rid of it. Only five percent were of the view that the Senate should be maintained in its c urrent state. The provinces and parliament just need to agree and a constitutional amendment can be done overnight to abolish such useless institution (Smith, 2003). It, therefore, should not be complicated for Canada to abolish and liquidate its unelected, undemocratic and ineffective Senate. Should Canada Abolish the Senate? Why or Why not? It is a common notion that countries that are marked by the powers of the provincial, national or state governments which overlap should have Upper and Lowers Houses in their parliament. It is to make sure that there are effective representations of regions and prevention of power inequalities. The Senate of Canada ought to be abolished, since the existence of the Senate in Canada is proved to be ineffective. Evidence shows that the Upper House is not useful or necessary. The Senate’s main aim is to ensure a balanced implementation of Canada’s regions. It has, however, been indicated to be an unnecessary role given to the senate. It is caused by the fact that it would be more feasible to add more House of Common seats from the relevant regions in Canada (Smith, 2003). It, however, may present a complication in the sense that there will never be the attainment of matching the population with representation in the House exactly. Also, a continuous chain of disgraceful behavior and scandals by senators has converted the red chamber into a state embarrassment. The functionality of the Senate in Canada has been reduced significantly with little expectations of change. It is the state of thing even with the claims from the Harper Government to advocate reforms of th e Senate (Hoy, 1999; Cody, 1995). While the existence of the Senate may have been a good idea or maybe even a critical idea during Canada’s formation, it does not serve real functions now except disgracing itself. Canada has a single legislature from a practical perspective. The only thing remaining is officially pronouncing it as a unicameral legislature instead of living in denial. It occurs as a result of the little complementary roles played by the Senate, while the House of Commons does most of the work. The result of it is that the Senate gets paid simply to complement the House of Common’s role. It may be considered as a misuse of the state’s revenue, and many proponents of the Senate’s abolition argue that such funds be used in a better way. It has, therefore, been indicative that the functions performed by the Senate can easily be incorporated into a more compacted role for the House of Commons (Smith, 2003). During the 1864’s Quebec Conference, which laid out Canada’s future political system, that time Attorney General, John A. MacDonald made some remarks. He observed that for the purpose of protecting the local interests and prevention of jealousies, there should be representation in the Upper House based on the principle of equality. The power and shape of the Senate were one of the key subjects of consideration a Quebec City, taking six out of 14 days (Malcolmson Myers, 2012). It now appears outlandish to imagine the Senate should use even one hour of serious argument. Instead of being the venue for regional balance or sober thought as it ought to be, the Upper Chamber has resulted in being a fountain of political cronies. It also contains former media personalities and many other unserious characters. The failure to observe and implement the power and shape of the Senate as envisaged by the Quebec Conference, however, may not be applied as one of the reasons for the abolishment of the Canadian Senate. It is due to the simple truth that the society is dynamic. The needs of any given society have a tendency to change depending on the community’s reaction to a variety of factors, such as the environment, population or even it social relations. In this way, therefore, the organizations that are found within a particular society ought to change in correspondence with such societal changes. The Canadian Senate, through such lens, may only need to be reformed so that to adapt to the existing needs of the Canadian democratic society (Malcolmson Myers, 2012; Cody, 1995). Among the main arguments for the abolition of the Senate of Canada is that it lacks support from the public. Such support from the Canadian public has been declining at an appalling rate of consistency. In any democracy, such as the republic of Canada, there is a crucial value placed in the people themselves. It occurs due to the fact that in such democracies most of the public offices and authorities continue holding their positions by virtue of being elected by the citizens of that country (Joyal, 2003). Such situation, therefore, confers virtually all power upon the public that, in turn, confers it upon the public authorities. Such power conferment by the public may be done through such process as elections and the secondary appointments and delegation of duties to other offices by the directly elected authorities. The advantage of such means of power conferment is that the citizens decide whether to support public officers or not in case they are not performing their assigned dut ies. In this case, the Senate of Canada should be abolished, since it does not receive support from the public. Since it is for the benefit of the public that the members of the Senate function, the utter dislike and lack of backing are indicative of the Canadian public’s dissatisfaction of the Senate. The Senate is said to be overwhelmed with an anti-democratic archaism with much of its attention paid to the perks that they claim to be entitled to rather than to the interest of the pubic that helped them obtain their positions (Smith, 2003). Through such philosophy, it is in the best interest of the people that the Senate of Canada is dismissed. It is the public that gives the Senate the power it wields to serve its assigned role. In case, therefore, the people feel that the same Senate does not fulfill the functions it has been given, it would only be proper if it were abolished, as a result (Joyal, 2003). It is a fact that the Canadian Senate has had a very long reputation of cronyism. It has become accustomed to impropriety. During the 1930s Beauharnois scandal is a case scenario. Two liberal senators individually profited from the construction of a hydro dam by the government on St. Lawrence River. Recently, however, the rate of scandal has increased at the same time with the Senate finding itself with even less work. The dramatic concentration of power in Ottawa under the hands of the Prime Minister’s office is an indication that the Senate no longer plays any considerable roles in the mechanism of the political system of Canada. The Senate was once regarded as an avenue for the provision of inspection and financial oversight of the state business. The increase of public observers like the Parliamentary Budget Office and the office of the auditor have, however, taken over this role entirely. Also, the absence of democratic legitimacy in the Senate hinders it from expressing disagreement with state initiatives alleging regional fairness (Joyal, 2003). In addition to all abovementioned facts there is the famous notion supported by the expenses scandal that senators give the impression that they work harder when there is a possibility to take maximum form the public pocket. They develop new and creative ways of claiming costs of travel and living avoiding the rules. Such situation is disturbingly ironic, given that Stephen Harper, the Prime Minister, took authority in 2006 making promises of making the Senate respectable and relevant again. It was through putting an end to political appointments and implementation of electing new senators process (Nadeau, 2011). As an example of Canadian Senate inefficiency and even absurdness, the legal problems of Patrick Brazeau, who was charged assault and sexual assault, can be taken. The sad affair of the resignation of Senator Joyce Fairbairn, after the declaration that she was not legally competent as she had Alzheimer’s disease but was still permitted to vote, should also be mentioned. Another consideration is the scandal of residency and travel expense involving high-profile Senators who were having problems ascertaining where they lived. The former senator’s Raymond Lavigne fraud conviction is another depressing example. The list of similar cases is very long (Sutherland, 2003; Hoy, 1999). Unfortunately, and even with the appointment of two senators from Alberta, Harper appears to have been tempted by the opportunity to reward his friends using his authority, to enable him unite his own political authority. It was exactly what his predecessors had done. It turned out to be like his once ridiculed of the Senate as a dumping area for the chosen cronies of the prime minister. Harper chose senators from among some of the failed Conservative Party candidates, few main party donors, his previous communication advisor and even his former newsman. The Senate Reform Act presented by Harper in 2011 suggested appointing senators elected through provincial votes and also giving a limitation to a term of nine years that was not renewable. It was, however, just the other day after the number of sandals, that Harper approached the Supreme Court seeking for an opinion regarding the apparent constitutional issues associated with his proposed modifications. Some authors have regarded it as contempt for the whole institution. It occurred due to the fact that the reforms would need the approval of seven provinces, including at least half of the population of Canada, which was a very stiff requirement (Nadeau, 2011). It is difficult to avoid the intuition that the passion for reform by Harper has been mainly compromised by his seven years in power. Harper seems to grind out senators who are appointed in some regions instead of encouraging elections by proposing to meet the costs. He also named Denise Batter as the Senator of Saskatchewan. Ironically, the husband of Denise Batter was Chief of Staff to the Minister of Provincial Justice during the passing of the Saskatchewan’s Senate Election Bill. Irrespective of any manifestation of idealism when in opposition, there is hardly any sitting prime minister who would want to create an actual equal, effective and elected Senate. It would be a Senate whose main function would be limiting or counterbalancing his own powers. Following such perspective, a reform of the Senate may be said to be a preoccupation of an outsider, destined to be abandoned once power is attained. It makes constructive Senate reform an absolute impossibility and not a mere remote prospect. There seems to be no way of trapping such hypocrisy (Cody, 1995). It is important to note that referring the matter to the court by Harper also puts forth the possibility of abolishing the Senate. The Supreme Court has been called upon to consider three methods of realizing it: inserting an end date, elimination of all mention of it from the Constitution or taking away its powers. It is a strategy that is worth a serious consideration (Nadeau, 2011). Proponents of the Senate may allege that its members regularly perform their work well, through reviewing and inspecting the lawmaking as the chamber of second clear-headed thought. In reality, however, the Senate does not do more than putting stamps on the legislative agenda. It basically exists as an institution where the rewarding of party loyalists for their unwavering support takes place. It is also a negative experience for taxpayers with over $100 million being incurred as costs on the Canadians annually. As an elected institution, the Senate undermines the fundamental principles of democracy. There might have been a valid reason to include the Senate in a bilateral system of governance when the Fathers of Confederation entered into an agreement in the years that led to 1867. It may have been a necessity then to tackle regional fears of a central government that was too powerful. The Senate makes it vote in party lines and does little or nothing to ensure the protection of the regional welfares of any areas of Canada. There is also a protection of the regional interests in the fields of social welfare, education and health. It is so due to the fact that the evolution of the powers division by the Constitution between the federal and regional governments. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms also avails a good check and balance against any state, federal or regional, that attempts to roughshod over the freedoms and rights of Canadians. Abolition of the Senate seems to be constitutionally hard as a reform on paper. It, however, holds the promise of being eye-catching to the party in power, as it does not involve any political power or authority loss (Smith, 2003). It, thus, subsists within the realm of possibility. Also, with the continuing legacy of patronage, futility and scandal, abolishing of the Senate appears to be the best decision. One of the arguments for the abolishing of the Canadian Senate is that it does not fulfill any meaningful purposes that are required of it. Among the original purposes of the Senate is the role of representing the interests of the Canadian provinces in the process of the formulation of legislation and policies at the federal level. It is considered to be the most fundamental function of the Canadian Senate. The Senate has also been mandated with the responsibility of issuing laws, debating them and enacting such laws. This role by the Senate, however, has been also given to the House of Commons. The House of Commons has been crucial in the general process of the legislation of laws in Canada. For instance, it is in the House of Commons that most bills originate. The reason for abolishing the Senate, in this case, would be that the roles it was made for are already transferred to the other governmental agencies and the House of Commons. According to some commentators, the complexity that may arise from such an argument would be that Senate has been instrumental in its quest to ensure that all of the regions in Canada are represented equally. It may also be necessary to look at the role that Senate plays in the legislative process in Canada from a more objective perspective. In employing such kind of perception, one would realize that the Senate is of important use in debating and enacting the legislation of intricate subjects and general nature. It is more special for the Senate, since it has a more flexible schedule for debating matters and laws. Another argument is that it is very hard to get the agreement requirement for the constitutional reform if that was the way to save the Senate. The provision of the Constitution Act of 1982 state that the amendments to the Senate need the support of Parliament and seven provinces, which represents at least half of the population. It is also the argument of proponents of the Senate abolishing that it may not accomplish the expectations of the proponents of reform. The Senate ought to dismissed, since it has been considered by many people, both laymen and experts, to be lacking democracy, unaccountable and high-handed in a number of ways. The process of appointing Senators has proven to be one with many open questions. First, they are appointed by the Prime Minister of Canada, who is appointed by the Governor General of Canada. The flaw with such process of public office appointments is that it invites various issues in a way that the possibility of considering preference values as opposed to the merits of a person. Through appointments that are made without direct elections of leaders, there may develop setbacks, such as underperformance, corruption and even unaccountability. The Senate of Canada furthers its unaccountability problem through the Board of Internal Economy. This Board is of a secretive nature characterized by weak standards of ethics. The Senate itself also suffers from weak ethical standards. Another problem with regards to the undemocratic nature of the Canadian Senate is its use of the power conferred upon it to enforce exorbitant expense rules. In the event that any scandal that involves the Senate is revealed, the already existing rules and penalties against such scandals do no serve sufficiently to cater for the particular scandal. It is so, since the penalties that have been formulated for the violators of any laws and ethical requirements are weak in themselves. The Senate Ethics Officer has become a kind of a sycophant of the Senate, since he operates under the regulation of the Senators Committee. Another complication with it is that if a particular scandal does not become public, it is more or less likely to be covered by the Sen ate (Joyal, 2003). The result of it is that the perpetrators of the abuse and any other unethical practices are left to continue with their evils. It ultimately affects the society in various ways. They include the lack of sufficient funds for projects and the split and dysfunction of the government. The Senate of Canada, since its formation, has been faced with several challenges and controversies. The challenges and scandals have dealt with a wide number of issues ranging from the basic roles of the Senate to matters that may appear moral from of the general Senatorial aspects. They have been mainly linked with the way the Senate has been perceived by the public and other opposing government bodies that appear to have the same functions as the Senate. The various reasons for which the Senate of Canada should be abolished have been considered to range from the mere roles of which it was formed to the issues of lack of accountability. The Senate has been taken as a means for public authorities to engage in illegal actions but avoid punishment for them. It has been considered to be infested with the spirit of unaccountability and disregard of democracy. Such aspects include the unfairness experienced in the regional balance quests. It has also been proved by the fact that the Senate has a great failing in the ethical standards required of it (Joyal, 2003). It has been perceived as a government body that does not, in fact, carry out the purpose for which it was established. The Senate has been said to perform certain actions for its own benefit rather than for completing its key roles. It lacks the proper support from the Canadian public. It considered vitality in the way Senate ought to run, since any dissatisfaction from the public should be looked into and it has to be ensured that actions are taken in such respect. The mere reason that the mode of appointment into the Senatorial office is not democratic in nature makes it rational to raise questions regarding its accountability and performance. It is for the various reasons stated and explained in the preceding paragraphs that the Senate of the Republican State of Canada should be dissolved.

Motorola's stock market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Motorola's stock market - Essay Example In the year 2006 the Motorola Company was ranked number 54 from a previous ranking at number 49, the ranking was based on revenue levels and the size of the company, therefore it would be advisable to invest in the company due to the fact that it is growing in terms of revenue, profits and earnings to share holders. 4 In 2005 the earnings per share amounted to 1.81 pounds, the percentage change from the year 2004 was 182.8%, the total percentage returns to investors amounted to 32.5% in the year 2005 and the annual growth rate in the returns amount to 3.8% from the year 2005.5 Over the years there has been an increase in the level of returns to investors as dictated by the above table, a 6.4% increase from the year 1995 to the year 2005. The total returns to investors in 2005 amounted to 32.5% and also the growth in the rate of return from the year 1995 is an annual rate of 3.8%.7 It would be therefore be profitable to invest in this shares which will yield returns to an investor, the growth rate in the level of returns is an indication that the investment made will yield more returns in a very short period, evidence can also be linked to the rise in its ranking among other companies, the Motorola compa